Shipping industry fears fuel shortages as Iran war squeezes bunker fuel supply

The escalating conflict involving Iran has triggered severe disruptions at the Strait of Hormuz, critically constricting the global supply of bunker fuel. As major refueling hubs across Asia experience significant shortages, shipping giants like Maersk and Hapag-Lloyd face operational bottlenecks. This crisis threatens the steady transit of vessels such as the Ever Given and MSC Irina, forcing operators to reconsider bunkering schedules at ports like Fujairah and Singapore. The scarcity of this heavy fuel oil risks stalling global maritime logistics chains.

These fuel shortages create complex compliance challenges under MARPOL Annex VI, which regulates air pollution and fuel quality standards. Vessel operators must ensure that any emergency fuel procurement adheres to the sulfur content limits mandated by the IMO 2020 regulation. Furthermore, under SOLAS Chapter II-2, the use of non-standard or low-quality bunker fuel poses significant fire safety risks and potential machinery failure. Compliance departments must meticulously document all fuel changes in the Oil Record Book to avoid detention by Port State Control authorities during unexpected inspections.

Chief engineers and second engineers face the most immediate pressure as they navigate the technical risks of burning lower-quality fuel alternatives. These engine room officers must prioritize rigorous fuel testing and purification processes to prevent catastrophic engine damage. They are advised to closely monitor fuel viscosity and compatibility, ensuring that any emergency supplies meet the technical specifications of the vessel’s main propulsion plant to maintain operational safety and avoid costly mechanical downtime at sea.